Color vision is essential for pilots to interpret aviation signals, chart symbols, and lighting systems. EASA requires all pilots to pass the Ishihara test at initial medical examination. If you fail Ishihara, alternative tests (lantern, anomaloscope, CAD) can demonstrate you're "color safe" for unrestricted certification.
Why Color Vision Matters
Pilots must distinguish colors for runway lighting (red/white/green), chart interpretation, cockpit displays, and signal lights. Color-deficient pilots may confuse red/yellow/green signals, creating safety risks especially at night or in poor visibility.
Aviation Color Tasks
- • PAPI/VASI approach lights
- • Runway edge/threshold lights
- • ATC light gun signals
- • Chart symbology (terrain, airspace)
- • Cockpit warning indicators
Testing Requirements
- • Class 1: Ishihara + lantern if failed
- • Class 2: Ishihara at initial only
- • LAPL: Less strict standards
- • One-time test (not at renewals)
- • Alternatives available if fail
Ishihara Test
The standard screening test uses pseudoisochromatic plates showing numbers visible to those with normal color vision. EASA uses the 24-plate version.
| Parameter | Requirement |
|---|---|
| Test Version | 24-plate Ishihara |
| Plates Tested | First 15 plates |
| Pass Mark | Zero errors |
| Time per Plate | Maximum 5 seconds |
| Presentation | Random order (prevent memorization) |
| Lighting | Daylight or Macbeth illuminant C |
No Cheating
AMEs present plates in random order and watch for brightness cues or memorization. Using X-chrom contact lenses during testing is prohibited and grounds for disqualification.
Alternative Tests (If Ishihara Failed)
EASA MED B.075 accepts three secondary tests. Passing any one proves you're "color safe" for unrestricted certification. Different EASA states may accept different tests.
| Test | Method | Pass Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| Holmes Wright Lantern | Identify colored light pairs | Zero errors in 2 runs of 9 pairs |
| Beyne Lantern | French lantern test | Zero errors |
| Spectrolux Lantern | Swiss 12-pair test | Zero errors in 2 runs |
| CAD Test | Computer-based threshold | <6 SU deutan, <12 SU protan |
| Anomaloscope (Nagel) | Color matching | Midpoint 38-42, range ≤4 units |
UK Note
UK CAA does not accept lantern testing. UK applicants must use CAD test or anomaloscope. Check your national authority's accepted tests before booking.
If You Fail All Tests
Pilots who cannot pass any color vision test may still fly with restrictions:
Class 2 / LAPL Options
- • OML: Daytime flying only
- • VFR operations only
- • No night rating possible
- • Restricted but still flyable
- • Many recreational pilots affected
Class 1 (Commercial)
- • Must be "color safe"
- • No daytime-only option
- • Fail = unfit for commercial
- • Try all available tests first
- • Some states more flexible
Strategy
If you suspect color deficiency, get tested informally before your official medical. Research which alternative tests are accepted in your country and where they're available. Some pilots travel to other EASA states for specific tests.
Frequently Asked Questions
Related Articles
Class 1 Medical Certificate Guide • Color Vision Requirements for Pilots • Pilot Vision Requirements